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Due to my experience in special education, my philosophy is to meet all students at their current level and help them improve to their personal best using an individualized approach.

During my first session with a student, I would gather data from the student and parent (if applicable) regarding that student's current needs. I would also informally assess the student to determine his or her instructional level and help set achievable goals for tutoring.

I help students become independent learners by teaching them not only the correct answers, but strategies for reaching them.

For younger students, I work with parents to offer tangible or activity reinforcers. For older students, I keep a log of progress to show the student how far he/she has come.

Everyone learns differently, so I would present the concept in a variety of different ways and through different learning modalities (auditory, visual, kinesthetic). I also find that taking a break and doing activities to increase mindfulness (e.g., deep breathing) can be very helpful when students hit a "roadblock."

From my perspective, the foundation of reading comprehension is a robust vocabulary. Studies show that if a student does not understand at least 90% of the vocabulary in a passage, comprehension will be greatly decreased. So, previewing a passage for unfamiliar vocabulary and developing strategies and resources for finding the meanings of unfamiliar words (using context clues, handheld dictionary, etc.) is always an area of focus. Additionally, I find many students with adequate vocabulary knowledge experience comprehension breakdowns when presented with non-literal language (e.g., figures of speech, metaphors). Therefore, I also aim to expand students' knowledge in this area.

Studies have shown that the relationship between a teacher and a student is one of the most important prognostic factors related to a student's progress. Therefore, I always try to build rapport with new students before diving deep into instruction.

Students need to see the practical purpose of mastering subjects they dislike or find challenging. I try to make tutoring tasks as functional as possible and show how they apply to "real life" so that students will feel a greater investment in their learning.

I would check in with the student regularly throughout the session to gauge understanding; review key strategies and concepts at the end of the session; and informally assess the student at periodic intervals to measure progress.

With younger students, I typically use lots of praise and encouragement. With older students, I use a more data-based approach by charting their accuracy levels and showing them how their understanding has increased using a log, graph, etc.

The most important source of information about the student's needs is the student and family (if the student is a minor). Documentation from the student's school (such as an IEP or work samples) can also be helpful, as well as individualized pre-testing administered by me.

Each student learns differently. Some are auditory learners, some are visual learners, and some are kinesthetic learners. Most parents and students are already aware of how a student learns best, but observations about preferred learning modalities can also be made during initial tutoring sessions. Instruction can then be adjusted to deliver information through the modality that is most comfortable for the student.

I like to give students opportunities to demonstrate a skill in many ways, so I bring a variety of materials: worksheets/workbooks; an iPad loaded with educational programs that assess and track progress; literacy-related games and cards; a dictionary or thesaurus; and a laptop.